How sensitivity to emotions changes across the lifespan

Why do we become more positive as we grow older? Why are adolescents so sensitive to negative social cues?

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Mother's dengue immunity worsens baby's response to Zika

New research uncovers previously unknown mechanism behind why some, but not all, Zika virus infections during pregnancy lead to fetal brain abnormalities.

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Scientists rejuvenate stem cells in the aging brain of mice

Scientists have been able to rejuvenate stem cells in the brain of aging mice. The revitalized stem cells improve the regeneration of injured or diseased areas in the brain of old mice. The researchers expect that their approach will provide fresh impetus in regenerative medicine and facilitate the development of stem cell therapies.

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Supercomputing enables sound prediction model for controlling noise

Combining principles from computational fluid dynamics and acoustics, researchers have developed an analytical model that could simplify the process of designing Helmholtz resonators, a type of noise cancelling structure used in airplanes, ships, and ventilation systems. The model can predict a potential Helmholtz cavity's sound spectrum as turbulent air flows over it, and could potentially be used to tune Helmholtz resonators to cancel or avoid any frequency of interest.

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Breast milk microbiome contains yeast and fungi: Do these benefit the infant?

Investigators have now shown that the breast milk microbiome contains fungi. Multiple previous studies had found bacteria in breast milk. Certain fungi and bacteria have been shown to be important probiotics for infant health.

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New X-ray measurement approach could improve CT scanners

A new measurement approach could lead to a better way to calibrate computed tomography (CT) scanners, potentially streamlining patient treatment by improving communication among doctors.

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Clues to brain differences between males and females

Researchers have discovered a mechanism for how androgens -- male sex steroids -- sculpt brain development. The research could ultimately help researchers understand behavioral development differences between males and females.

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New chemical probes advance search for new antibiotics

Researchers have invented a new method to observe bacterial build cell walls in real time that could contribute to the search for new antibacterial drugs.

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High-fat diet and age alter microflora and cause inflammation in heart failure

Growing older and a high-fat diet enriched with omega 6 fatty acids are major contributors to health risks ranging from diabetes to heart failure. How these factors regulate the immune response is now described -- a calorie-dense, obesity-generating diet in aging mice disrupts the composition of the gut microbiome. This correlates with development of a system-wide nonresolving inflammation in acute heart failure, with a notable disruption of the immune cell profile, primarily the neutrophil-leukocyte ratio.

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Blood test developed to predict spontaneous preterm birth

Results from a multicenter study show that five circulating microparticle proteins found in first-trimester blood samples may provide important clues about risk of spontaneous preterm birth.

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An abundance of beneficial mutations

Despite its key importance, the genetic architecture of adaptive processes remains largely unresolved. Now a team of researchers, experimenting with fruit flies, has succeeded in solving at least a part of this puzzle. They were able to show that many genes can contribute to adaptation even though only some of them are actually being used (genetic redundancy).

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Spider silk could be used as robotic muscle

Researchers have found that spider silk produces a strong twisting motion when exposed to humidity, and may be usable for future artificial muscles or actuators.

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Major genetic study confirms that many genes contribute to risk for Tourette's syndrome

A meta-analysis of multiple studies into the genetic background of Tourette's syndrome (TS) -- a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by chronic involuntary motor and vocal tics -- finds that variants in hundreds of genes, working in combination, contribute to the development of the syndrome and suggests that Tourette's is part of a continuous spectrum of tic disorders, ranging from mild, sometimes transient tics to severe cases that can include psychiatric symptoms.

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Tool reveals molecular causes of disease, including infant cancer

Demonstrating a new tool with a broad ability to reveal molecular causes and markers of diseases, a team has found connections between four genes and a rare cancer affecting babies and young children.

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Tracking firefighters in burning buildings

Researchers have created a motion-powered, fireproof sensor that can track the movements of firefighters, steelworkers, miners and others who work in high-risk environments where they cannot always be seen.

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The sneaky way estrogen drives brain metastasis in non-estrogen-dependent breast cancers

A new study shows that while estrogen doesn't directly affect triple-negative breast cancer cells, it can affect surrounding brain cells in ways that promote cancer cell migration and invasiveness

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Rise of European populism and vaccine hesitancy

There is a significant association between the rise of populism across Europe and the level of mistrust around vaccines, according to a new study.

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Cells use sugars to communicate at the molecular level

Research reveals how cells communicate at the molecular level. They found that sugar molecules play a key role in cellular communication, serving as the 'channels' that cells and proteins use to talk to one another. This work also provides researchers with a new tool to study other living systems in incredible detail, enabling future breakthroughs in fields from materials science to nanomedicine.

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Conceiving within a year of stillbirth does not increase risks for next pregnancy

The results are from the first large-scale observational study to investigate the interval between stillbirth and subsequent pregnancy, including almost 14,500 births in women from Australia, Finland and Norway who had a stillbirth in their previous pregnancy.

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Junk food purchases increase after recreational marijuana legalization

New research found a link between state recreational marijuana legalization and increased consumption of certain high-calorie foods.

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